Richard Joseph Neutra是奥地利美洲建筑师的最有影响力的数字之一，帮助定义了南加州和世界各地的现代主义。
Image source：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/richard_neutra#/media/File:Richard_Neutra.jpg
About his life
理查德约瑟夫中叶曾是1892年4月8日出生，在维也纳，来自富裕的犹太匈牙利工业家族，让他完全追求他的研究，首先Sophiengymnasium,in Vienna, until1910年，后来Max Fabianiand卡尔梅雷德勒当维也纳理工大学，between1910年and1918年;notably, he also attended the private architecture school ofAdolf Loos.， 这uber-mordernist. After serving in WWI, Neutra returned to his hometown to take his final examinations, before moving to Switzerland and Germany to begin working, joining the Berliner firm owned byErich Mendelsohn.结婚后，Neutra最终会离开欧洲1923年那moving to America, where he’d become a fully naturalized citizen by1929年。
在建筑先驱下的简短阶段之后Frank Lloyd Wright，他接受大学伴侣的邀请 - 以及赖特，有机建筑指数的赖特 -鲁道夫席伦德勒那who offered him a job as landscape architect, beginning with Schindler’s own beach house (1922年-1925年），扩展到佩尔戈拉和涉水游泳池，为赖特和辛德勒的复杂Aline Barnsdallon橄榄山（1925年），好莱坞。Schindler和Neutra的合作不会在这里停下来，因为他们一起在一个条目上工作国家联盟竞争of1926-27，before, in the same year, forming a firm, together with the plannerCarol Aronovici，称为工商和商业建筑集团（AGIC的）。
在这些活动之外，Neutra将追求自己的目标，旨在体现International Style与他的建筑物，甚至赢得了历史文化纪念碑的指定（HCM.），如着名的Lovell Health House（1929年的）
He quickly gained fame throughout加利福尼亚州那and his rigorously geometric but airy structures became an immediate association with West Coast residences, receiving offers from the likes ofEdgar J. Kaufmann（the same owner of落后的房子的）那Galka Scheyer.那andWalter Conrad Arensberg。在20世纪30年代初，Neutra的洛杉矶练习训练了几个年轻的建筑师，他们继续独立成功，让Neutra拓宽了他的视野，例如他试图转移到苏联帮助解决困扰民众的住房问题。
Image source:https://search.creativeCommons.org/37-a a90-0b3381b69586经过IK’s World Trip
1932年，Neutra将成为现代建筑的MOMA展览的一部分，以及喜欢的菲利普约翰逊andHenry-Russel Hitchcock。During his later years, Neutra would form a 10-year partnership with罗伯特·亚历山大，开始1949年，给他设计更大，高端建筑的手段;一个特别的，在1955年， 这Karachi Embassy那commissioned by the USA Department of State, the first of many Neutra-designed embassies all around the world. In1965年，Neutrad与他的儿子形成了新的伙伴关系Dion，在未来十年设计欧洲别墅。
mage source:https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/94661087/richard-josef-neutra
He died April 16,1970年; to this day, his legacy stems from his role as an Austrian-born, American architect introducing theInternational Style进入美国建筑，从而改变了它的景观 - 无论是隐喻和文字 - 永远。His legacy is one of care and attention to his clients’ needs, regardless of the project’s size, refusing, unlike many of his peers, to impose his own artistic vision, blending art, comfort and landscape in his domestic architecture, more often than not with his trademark sense of humor.
他会强调一个“ready-for-anything” plan – pointing at an open, multifunctional plan for living spaces that as the most flexible, adaptable and easily modified solution, for any type of lifestyle or event.
他最着名的作品是什么？
One of Neutra’s most important early works was theLovell House那Los Angeles (1927-29的）那a home made with glass expanses and cable-suspended balconies, stylistically similar to the works ofle corbusierandLudwig Mies van der RoheinEurope。在整个1930年代,他设计的房屋International Style, bridging the stylistic gap between America and the old continent.
不久之后World War II那Neutra created his most memorable works: theKaufmann Desert House那Palm Springs, Calif. (1946–47), and theTremaine House那Santa Barbara, Calif. (1947–48). Elegant and precise, these are considered exceptional examples of the International Style, adapted to the needs of a new market.
仔细融入其中landscape，Neutra的房屋经常运动庭院和门廊，使户外似乎是房子本身的一部分。他认为，建筑应该是将人们带回和谐的手段nature,特别关注自己，他的房子反映了所有者的生活方式。
Image source：https://search.creativecommons.org/11e18085-9a5a-4e43-b729-facd63982476经过肯德德
什么是Neutra的风格主要功能？
He was famous for the attention he gave to defining the real needs of his clients, regardless of the size of the project, in contrast to other architects eager to impose their artistic vision on a client. Neutra sometimes used detailed questionnaires to discover his client’s needs, much to their surprise. His domestic architecture was a blend of艺术那landscape那andpractical comfort。
图像源码：https://search.creativeCommons.org//111e7582-f233-4dcc-a9a8-b5476fd9de82经过Orange County Archives
图像来源：https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/8a29675d-4ba4-400f-a1c5-65e9aec477c7
Neutra’s earlywatercolorsand图纸那most of them of places he traveled (particularly his trips to the Balkans in WWI) and portrait sketches, showed influence from artists such asGustav Klimt那Egon Schieleetc. Neutra’s sister Josefine, who could draw, is cited as developing Neutra’s inclination towards drawing.
Info sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/richard_neutra
http://prabook.com/web/person-view.html?profileid=731513
https://www.britannica.com/boography/trichard-joseph-neutra.
