The Tuscan Style, with its plain form and the absence of carvings and ornaments, is one of the oldest and simplest architectural form developed in ancient Italy.
The Origins
TheTuscan orderis a classical order born in Rome, it is solid and not so ornate. The influence of theDoric order is evident even ifit featuresun-fluted columnsand a simpleentablature andit has notriglyphsorguttae. The Romans did not see this style to be a separateorder and because of that Vitruviusdoes not mention it in his manuscript “De architectura”.
It was classified as aseparate formal orderin theItalian Renaissance.
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The Tuscan order is seen, because of its simplicity, as aRoman adaptationof theDoric, and in the proportions follow Doric’s ratios. This solid order was usedin military architecture,in docks and warehouses when they were dignified by architectural treatment.
It is suitable to fortified places, such as city gates andstructures used in war.
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Differences Between Doric and Tuscan Order
托斯卡纳和t可以用来做个比较he classical Doric order, presentsless severe elements. Probably Romans invented it. For example, can be found a base at the bottom of the column: it is recognizable by the presence of a molding below the capital and thestem经常的列smooth and without grooves.
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The Tuscan Column is aRoman adaptation of the Doric.The Tuscan has anunfluted shaftand asimple echinus-abacus capital. It is similar to the Roman Doric in proportion and profile, but it ismuch plainer. The column isseven diameters high. Among all orders, it is the most solid in appearance.
Style Features
This style has the following features:
- Shaft setson a simple base;
- Shaft is usually plain, not fluted (grooved);
- Shaft is slender, with proportions similar to a Greek Ionic column;
- Smooth, roundcapitals(tops);
- No carvings or other ornaments;
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The Tuscan Order Today.
We can find some important examples of Tuscan buildings in:
- Santa Maria della Pace (Pietro da Cortona, 1656)in Rome.
- Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne (Baldassarre Peruzzi)in Rome.
- Various buildings in Europe that reach up tothe late nineteenth century.
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We can also find several examples in England:
- Covent GardenbyInigo Jones(1633) in St Paul’s.
- another English house,West Wycombe Park.
- thePalladian house of Wentworth Woodhouse in Yorkshire.
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Info source:
http://www.essential-humanities.net/search/index.htm?q=tuscan+order
http://architecture.about.com/od/buildingparts/g/tuscan-column.htm
