The Ottonian style reflected the will to affirm the Holy Roman Empire.
Monumental and massive churches were built based on proportions, introducing innovations in construction techniques, structures, and typologies.
St Michaels Church, Hildesheim
Image source:https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/a28fb9bb-f318-40ee-992d-791ba4756beeby麦克达库
The Origins
Ottonian began under the rule ofOtto the Great和continued until the mid-11th century.
Otto the Great wasGerman King from AD 936和Holy Roman Emperor from AD 962, because of him, the political institution was reinforced by the union of the Royal and Church powers.
Ottonian Emperors wanted to be remembered for their greatness, this led to a rebirth in the arts and architecture of the time (Ottonian Renaissance), this happened after years ofbarbaric invasions.
细节，Otto I presenting the Cathedral of Magdeburg,962–968, Ottonian, from the Cathedral of Magdeburg
Image source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#/media/File:Christ_Magdeburg_Cathedral_Met_41.100.157.jpg
Ottonian Architecture
Ottonian Architecture introduced类型的类型，结构和施工技术,扩大和阐述Carolingian形式rather than developing a new style.
The simple Carolingian volumes evolved into a complex system, the typical interest in the wall surface and the geometrical organization of the internal space were some features successively in-depth byRomanesquearchitecture. The cult of the relics was also raised and the crypts were placed on one level with the nave.
St Michaels Church, Hildesheim.
Image source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:hildesheim-st_michaels_church.interior.01.jpg.
Characteristics of the Ottonian churches
Derived from Carolingian:
– longitudinal plan;
– long choir, sometimes double and opposite;
– westwerk;
– crypts;
– monumental, referred to the Emperor.
Derived from Paleochristian:
–basilicawas the typology that referred to the churches, a central plan for the baptisteries;
- 简单的卷作为圆柱，平行六面素，锥体和pyramids;
- 大拱形窗户;
– deambulatories around the choir.
Derived from拜占庭:
– women’s gallery facing on the central nave;
- 以规则图案排列的柱之间的大规模矩形墩;
– sculpted capitals;
– use of the proportions.
New elements:
——巨大的形状来自g的组合eometric volumes;
– solid and strong appearance derived from the thick walls;
– double transept in the short sides;
– the entrance was placed on the side;
– a big tower starting from the final transept cross vault;
– use of the pier more than the column;
– evocative and fascinating spaces derived from the alternation of solid and empty;
– a complex study of the light effects.
在吉尼罗德圣塞里亚克的Westwerk
Image source:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gernrode_-_Romanische_Stiftskirche_St._Cyriacus.jpg
奥顿艺术
Ottonian art reflected the will to affirm asacred Roman imperial lineagethat connected the royal dynasty to the Christian rulers of late Antiquity as Theodoric and Justinian and their Carolingian predecessors, particularly查理赛. The style, generally grand and heavy, was influenced by late Roman, Carolingian, and Byzantine, sometimes to an excess, and at the beginningless sophisticated than the Carolingian equivalents.
来自此时期的幸存绘画存在于照明手稿，壁画和壁画碎片的插图中的大部分内容。
Ottonian was also renowned for its金属制品和修道院车间成为所有Ottonian艺术的起源。
十字架是着名的一部分Aachen Cathedral Treasuryat Aachen, Germany
Image source:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:aachen_germany_domschatz_cross-of-lothair-01.jpg.
Info source:
https://www.britannica.com/art/Western-architecture/Ottonian-period
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/carolingian-ottonian/ottonian1/a/tonian-art-an- introduction.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/the-ottonians/
https://human.libretexts.org/bookshelves/art/book%3a_art_history_%28Lumen%29/16%3A_EARLY_MEDIEVAL_EUROPE/16.04%3A_THE_TOTONIANS.
