一个luminum is one of the most abundant element in Earth crust and the most extensively used nonferrous metal. Modern construction, automotive, aeronautics, energy, food and other industries wouldn’t be possible without aluminum. Also, this metal has become a symbol of progress.
一个luminum
一个luminum（al），也拼写过aluminum, is a substance, a lightweight silvery-white metal. It’s a part of Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the table. The name aluminum derives from the Latin word alumen. Aluminum occurs in火岩石作为长石，硅胶和云母的铝硅酸盐;在衍生自粘土的土壤中;并在进一步耐用的铝土矿和富含铁的后途。Bauxite, a combination of hydrated aluminum oxides, is that the principal aluminum ore. Due to its chemical activity, aluminum never occurs in the metallic form in nature, but its compounds are present to a greater or lesser extent in the majority of rocks, vegetation, and animals. Crystalline aluminum oxide (emery, corundum), which occurs during a few igneous rocks, is mined as a natural abrasive or in its finer varieties as rubies and sapphires. Aluminum is present in other gemstones, like topaz, garnet, and chrysoberyl. Of the numerous other aluminum minerals,alunite和cryolitehave some commercial importance.
Image source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ aluminium.
History
Before 5000 BCE,inMesopotamia，人们做得很好陶器fromclaythat consisted widely of an aluminum mixture. Almost 4,000 years ago, Egyptians and Babylonians applied aluminum compounds in various chemicals and medications. In 1825, crude aluminum was separated by Hans Christian Ørsted, a Danish physicist, by reducing aluminum chloride with potassium amalgam. German chemist Friedrich Wöhler, using potassium metal as the reducing agent, produced aluminum powder and small globules of the metal, between 1827 and 1845. The new metal was shown to the public, in 1855, at the Paris Exposition. Around that time, it became available to extract the metal by the sodium reduction of molten aluminum chloride through the Deville process. In 1886, when electricity became available and cheap, Charles Martin Hall in the United States and Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult in France discovered the modern system of commercially manufacturing aluminum: electrolysis of purified alumina dissolved in melted cryolite. During the 1960s aluminum became the first, beforecopper, in theworld production of nonferrous metals.
Image source:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oersted_experiment.png
特性
一个luminum possesses a rare combination of relevant properties:
- It is one of the lightest metals in the world: it’s almost three times lighter than iron
- very strong
- 非常灵活
- corrosion-resistant
- great electricity conductor
- it can be rolled, pulled and stamped.
- aluminium doesn’t catch fire,
- it’s very pliable: the extra-thin foil is three times thinner than a human hair.
- the metal is more cost-effective than other metals and materials.
由于铝容易与其他化学元素形成聚集体，因此在多个新的应用领域开发了各种铝合金。例如，铝合金与硅和镁相结合，用于车轮，发动机，底盘和现代汽车的其他部分。铝锌合金广泛用于手机和平板电脑的生产。现代建筑，汽车，航空，能源，食品和其他行业不会有铝。此外，这种金属已成为一个symbol of progress.
Image source:https://www.mecmining.com.au/the-top-10-metals-and-minerals-powering-your-mobile-phone/
Biological function
铝没有已知的生物学作用。以其可溶形式，对植物有毒。酸性土壤结构几乎是1/2耕地的地球上，酸度加快了Al3 +的矿物质。然后，作物可以吸收Al3 +，导致产率较低。我们的身体只吸收了我们吸收食物的微小铝铝。高于平均铝的食物是茶，加工奶酪，扁豆和海绵蛋糕（来自饲养剂的地方）。在铝平底锅中烹饪不会增加我们饮食中的数量，而是在烹饪像大黄等酸性食物时。一些消化素片是纯净水合氧化铝。铝可以积聚在体内，以及链接一个lzheimer’s disease(senile dementia) has been suggested but not proven.
信息来源：
https://www.britannica.com/science/aluminum
https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/13/aluminium
https://www.alumenumiumleader.com/about_aluminium/what_is_aluminum/
https://www.weerg.com/en/blog/aluminum-properties-and-advantages-of-aluminum-0
