Iron Agecan be framed from公元前1200年到公元前600年当发现铁导致各种文化和社会的许多发展时，青铜时代文明的倒台和新的王国形成，革命性的战争，农业，写作，车辆建设，建筑，并无疑促进了“新时代”的贡献。
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Iron Age time coordinates
这Iron Age开始between公元前1200年和600 B.C.following the石器时代和青铜时代。在此期间，欧洲，亚洲和非洲的人们开始从事制造工具和武器iron和steel。这Iron Ageis conventionally identified by the change frombronzetoiron和steel。这shift occurred at different periods in different locations, as the technology spread. For example, inMesopotamia, the Iron Age began in 900 BC. InIndia, the Iron Age began at about 1200 BC; inCentral Europe大约公元前800年；并在China大约公元前300年。大约公元前500年，努比亚人, who had studied from theAssyriansthe application of iron, were expelled from埃及并成为major producers and exporters of iron。
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铁器时代的事实
这Iron Agebegan around 1200 B.C. with the downfall of several famous青铜时代civilizations, including the迈锡尼社会in Greece and therefore theHittite Empire在土耳其。古老的城市喜欢Troy和加沙were destroyed, trade routes were lost and literacy declined throughout the region. The cause for the collapse of those Bronze Age kingdoms remains unclear.Earthquakes, famine, sociopolitical unrest and invasionby nomadic tribes may have contributed. Some experts believe that a pause in trade routes may have caused shortages of thecopper或者tin习惯于在这一点上制作铜牌。
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Metalsmithsmay have turned toiron替代。铁比青铜强，所以铁器时代的人可以创造sharp toolslike swords and spears. They also made收集设备from iron, like犁(Ard) andsickles。Iron tools played a very important role within the文化和社会的发展和therefore the establishment of kingdoms. The discovery oflimonite(a mineral made from a combination of hydrous ferric oxides) makes smithery possible. Farming tools were improved and also the simple wooden plough was replaced with aniron-tipped plough(Ard). It made agriculture easier and resulted in an exceedingly high yield of crops.Woodpole Lathe inventionallowed the woodworkers to create more practical and useful items fromwood,like bowls and buckets.
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Iron smelting and early metallurgy
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这earliest iron artifacts are nine smallbeadsdated to3200 BC, discovered in tombs atGerzeh,Lower Egypt。这些工具已被确定为meteoric iron通过彻底的锤击进行。陨石是一个独特的iron-nickel alloy。在铁器时代之前数千年来，它使用了它。这种铁处于其原始金属状态，不需要冶炼矿石。除了专门设计炉, ancient iron production required complex procedures development in impurity removal; the regulation of the admixture of carbon and hot-working to reach a useful balance of hardness and strength insteel。
Iron Age tools
- Ard是带有尖头铁尖的刮擦犁
- 铁镰刀用于收获农作物
- Coulter是用于打破地面的铁制造的耕作工具
- Ploughsharewas a farming tool used for making uniform rows in the field
- Lances and spearswere long wooden weapons with iron tips
- Rotary quernwas a machine for grinding grains
- Potters Wheelfor making pottery
- Wood lathewas a machine like structure for shaping wood and other things into objects
- Iron rudder被用在船上，使其自行转向
- Iron chiselwas a tool used for cutting wood, stones, metals, and other hard things
- Cooking Tools: pots, cauldrons, vessels
- Hunting Tools:剑，匕首，长矛和长矛
In the Iron Age,forgerswould have used three basic tools for making objects from iron:哈马，砧（用于锤击和塑造金属的重铁块），tong(a rod or pillar-like structure for holding the hot metal).
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Info source:
https://kidzfeed.com/iron-age-tools-and-weapons/
https://www.history.com/topics/pre-history/iron-age
https://www.britannica.com/technology/hand-tool/Iron-and-steel-tools
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ferrous_metallurgy#
